Inflammation

What is inflammation?

Inflammation is your body's response to infection or injury. When tissues are damaged, your immune system releases chemicals that cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, bringing in white blood cells. This causes swelling, heat, redness and pain - all signs of inflammation.

Inflammation serves an important purpose - it helps the body heal after harm. But sometimes inflammation can go on for too long or happen when there are no foreign substances to fight off. This can cause chronic health issues over time.

Some key points about inflammation:

• Caused by infection, injury or autoimmune reactions


• Body's healthy and protective response to harm


• Helps immune system remove threats and repair tissue


• Signs include swelling, redness, heat, pain


• Acute inflammation resolves once threat is neutralized


• Chronic inflammation can cause tissue damage and disease

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What causes inflammation?

Inflammation can be triggered by:

• Bacteria, viruses or other infectious organisms


• Injuries such as cuts, burns, sprains or broken bones


• Toxins from things like smoking, air pollution or unhealthy foods


• Autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks healthy tissue

The inflammatory triggers cause immune cells to release cytokines, histamines, bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators. These chemicals dilate blood vessels and make them more permeable, allowing white blood cells, fluids and proteins to quickly enter the injured tissues.

This initiates the body's healing cascade - destroying pathogens, removing damaged tissue, and beginning repair. But sometimes regulators of inflammation like cortisol or antioxidants are unable to turn the process off, leading to chronic inflammation.

What are the main types of inflammation?

There are two main types:

• Acute inflammation: Rapid onset and short duration. Helps heal injured tissues and resolve infection.


• Chronic inflammation: Prolonged, inappropriate inflammation even without infection or injury. Can cause tissue damage over time.

Acute inflammation starts rapidly after tissue injury and typically lasts for a few days. Its signs are redness, heat, swelling and pain. Examples include a sprained ankle or sore throat. Medications like ibuprofen can provide relief.

Chronic inflammation persists for months or years. It is associated with complex conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, autoimmune disorders and more. Anti-inflammatory medications and lifestyle changes may help treat root causes.